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Nerve Roots
Nerve roots are divisions in the spinal cord which branch off between the vertebral bones, forming the network of nerves which serve the various anatomical regions of the body. There are 8 cervical roots, 12 thoracic roots, 5 lumbar roots, 5 sacral roots and one coccygeal root.
Each neurological root consists of 2 halves, the dorsal root and the ventral root. These halves join together to form a complete spinal nerve. The ventral root, or anterior root, is responsible for motor functions. The dorsal root, or posterior root, is responsible for sensory functions. In the cervical and thoracic regions, the neurological roots separate from the spinal cord, then exit through openings in between each vertebrae called foramen. In the lumbar spine, the spinal cord has already broken up into the cauda equina, but the individual neurological roots still exit between each vertebral bone. Nerve Root DisordersMany doctors believe that compression of, or infringement upon, the spinal neurological roots is the cause of most back pain conditions. This compression is most commonly caused by herniated discs, foraminal stenosis or some spinal arthritic process. Other doctors recognize that true nerve compression is rare and long term pinched nerve pain is an uncommon occurrence.Severe nerve compression can occur despite its rarity and might be a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention. Cauda Equina Syndrome is one possible result of true lumbar neurological root compression which necessitates immediate medical treatment to prevent permanent damage.
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